The sketches, painted by Lancashire artist Rev John Louis Petit, will be on show at the Haven Road store for a limited time only.
Rev. Petit was born in Ashton-under-Lyne in 1801.
He was an erudite antiquarian who used his skilful drawings to illustrate numerous books he wrote on medieval architecture.
Petit's carefully observed sketches are important in that they were always completed on the spot. They are therefore an accurate transcription of the architecture and landscape of Lancashire in 1843, before the advent of photography.
Coun Simon Renwick, Cabinet Member for Culture and Tourism, said "The Gallery was formed with the intention of including a variety of exhibitions for everyone to enjoy on a regular basis. This is the first time these works have been seen in public and we are grateful to the County Council for giving us the chance to display them.
"I hope they will meet the approval of visitors to the gallery and will be enjoyed by all."
The Fylde Gallery is free during opening hours. For more information on the display please visit the Lancashire Museum web site at www.lancsmuseums.gov.uk.